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Guide

Types of battery energy storage systems

Three ways to classify them: chemistry, format and where they sit on the grid.

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By chemistry

ChemistryStrengthsTrade-offs
LFP (LiFePO4)Thermal stability, long cycle life, no cobaltLower energy density
NMC lithium-ionHigh energy densityLess thermally stable
Lead-acidLow upfront costShort life, heavy, shallow cycling
Flow batteriesLong duration, very long lifeLarge, costly, less common

By format

FormatSizePulseTrek example
Home and small business5 to 10 kWhGridGO
Portable / compact15 kWhMini PulseTrek
Mobile trailer15 to 30 kWhPulseTrek Trailer
ContainerisedMWhLeberi

By grid position

Behind the meter systems sit on the customer's side and cut the customer's bill. Front of the meter or grid-scale systems serve the network. See behind-the-meter storage and grid-scale storage.

How to choose between them

For most buyers the choice of chemistry is already made: LFP dominates commercial and mobile storage because of its stability and life. The real decisions are format and position.

Format follows the job. If the power needs to move between sites, it is a trailer or a portable unit. If it serves one building for years, it is a fixed cabinet or a container. If it is for a home or small shop, it is an all-in-one unit like GridGO.

Position follows the money. Behind-the-meter storage pays back through the customer's bill; front-of-the-meter storage earns from the grid or market. Most commercial projects start behind the meter.

Questions answered

Frequently asked questions

What are the main types of BESS?

By chemistry (LFP, NMC, lead-acid, flow), by format (home, portable, mobile, containerised) and by grid position.

Which battery type is best for storage?

For most commercial and mobile uses, LFP, because of its stability and cycle life.

What type of battery is used in BESS?

Mostly lithium-ion, and increasingly LFP (lithium iron phosphate) for commercial and mobile storage.

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